Infinitive and -ing

Verb + to的不定式

有些动词后, 可以用带to的不定式.

• decide to
• arrange to
• I expect to get my money back.
• Sarah agreed to work late at the office.
• We can't afford to go to Australia.
• Are you hoping to get a job in London?

• Melanie has offered to help us when we move house.

• Sarah seemed to be quite annoyed.

• The compute program appears to have a bug in it.

• We tend to get up later at weekends. (通常发生的情况)

• Luckily I managed to find my way here all right. (得以做某事)
• David failed to pay his electricity bill. (没有发生的情况)

not放在带to的不定式之前:

• Some people just choose not to get married.

• 有些名词可位于带to的不定式前，例如: agreement, arrangement, decision, demand, desire, failure, offer, plan, promise, refusal, tendency, threat.

• Mark promised to go shopping.

• Mark forgot about his promise to go shopping.

Verb + -ing形式

有些动词后, 可以用-ing形式

• suggest
• enjoy
• avoid
• practice
• finish

• given up

• mind + -ing主要用于否定陈述句和疑问句

  • Andrew doesn't mind having lots of work. He quite likes it.
  • Do you mind waiting a moment?

同can't连用的动词

注意can't, couldn't同help, resist, face, stand连用的情况, 这些动词后可以跟v-ing形式.

• I can't help laughing at his funny stories.

keep (on), carry on

keep (on)表示某事继续进行或反复发生.

• Just keep stirring the mixture until it boils.

carry on表示某事继续进行.

• Just carry on stirring the mixture until it boils.

一些含有V-ing形式的结构

当两件事同时发生, 可以用一个主要动词和一个-ing形式.

• All afternoon Claire lay in a hammock reading a magazine.

这种结构还可以表示一个动作发生在另一个动作的进行过程中. 用时较长的动作用-ing形式.

• Matthw injured his knee doing gymnastics.

先后发生的动作, 可以用-ing形式表示第一个动作.

• Opening the bottle, Mike poured the drinks.
• Turning right into Madison Avenue, the car drove north for two blocks.

也可以用完成时，如果其中一个动作用的时间表较长, 则必须用完成时.

• Having repaired the car, Tom took it out for a road test.

-ing形式还可以表示原因

• The fans queued for hours, hoping to get tickets.
• Being the youngest child, Natasha was her father's favourite.

也可以用-ving的完成时来说明原因.

• Having spent all the money, Daniel couldn't afford a new jacket.