连词

转折

but, although

but和although用于连接两个句子.

• Nick has a car, but he doesn't often drive it.
• Although Nick has a car, he doesn't often drive it.

although引导的从句可位于句末.

• We found a table, although the cafe was crowded.

though用于非正式文体, 意思与although相同, 不过though可位于句末.

• I liked the sweater. I decided not to but it, though.

even though比although更强, 更重.

in spite of, despite

in spite of, despite用于名词或v-ing之前, 它们的意思完全一样.

• Kitty wanted to report on the war in spite of the danger.
• She wanted to go despite the danger.

in spite of the fact (that)与although的用法相同.

• I'm no better in spite of the fact that I've taken the pills.

目的

to

带to的不定式可用于表示目的.

• Melanie was hurrying to catch her bus.

in order to和so as to比to更正式.

• The government took these measures in order to reduce crime.
• The staff are working at weekends so as to complete the project in time.

否定形式不允许用not to, 应该用in order not to或so as not to.

so that

so that后用主语和动词

• I'll post the card today so that it gets there on Daniel's birthday.

或者后面跟I will/can(现在的目的), would/could(过去的目的).

• I'll give you a map so that you can find/you will find the way all right.

for

for用于名词前面, 说明做事情的原因.

表示一件东西的用途时, 可用to也可用for + v-ing,

• This heater is to keep/for keeping the plants warm in winter.

但是对于具体动作的目的, 不用for + v-ing

• I put the heater on to keep the plants warm.

意思为and的连词

• too/as well
• also
• In addition
• Besides
• Futhermore

意思为but的连词

• Still
• however
• Nevertheless/all the same
• on the other hand

意思为so的连词

• therefore
• Consequently/as a result

改换措辞

• In other words

自我更正

• I mean/Or rather

对比

• On the contrary

继续话题

• Talking of

转换话题

• By the way

支持前面的陈述

• After all

排除

• Anyway

举例

• For example/for instance